From:
Marzano, R. J. (2010). Formative assessment and standards-based grading. Bloomington, IN: Marzano Research Laboratory.

Feedback...Assessment...Grading...Standards-Based Grading
Standards-Referenced vs. Standards-Based

  • Assessment and Grading have their roots in Feedback.
  • Feedback and its effect on student achievement of great interest to researchers and practitioners
  • Feedback defined: information communicated to the learner that is intended to modify his or her thinking or behavior for the purpose of improving learning (Shute in Marzano)
  • Can be given formally or informally, group or one-on-one, a variety of forms
  • most important characteristic is that it informs the student, teacher, and all other interested parties about how to best enhance student learning
  • studies report differing effects on student achievement given the type of feedback

Assessment
  • The most common form of feedback is assessment in K-12 classrooms.
  • student achievement benefits