From:
Marzano, R. J. (2010). Formative assessment and standards-based grading. Bloomington, IN: Marzano Research Laboratory.
Feedback...Assessment...Grading...Standards-Based Grading
Standards-Referenced vs. Standards-Based
Assessment and Grading have their roots in Feedback.
Feedback and its effect on student achievement of great interest to researchers and practitioners
Feedback defined: information communicated to the learner that is intended to modify his or her thinking or behavior for the purpose of improving learning (Shute in Marzano)
Can be given formally or informally, group or one-on-one, a variety of forms
most important characteristic is that it informs the student, teacher, and all other interested parties about how to best enhance student learning
studies report differing effects on student achievement given the type of feedback
Assessment
The most common form of feedback is assessment in K-12 classrooms.
Marzano, R. J. (2010). Formative assessment and standards-based grading. Bloomington, IN: Marzano Research Laboratory.
Feedback...Assessment...Grading...Standards-Based Grading
Standards-Referenced vs. Standards-Based
Assessment